New York Online Engineering Continuing Education Courses

This advanced internet course based on Chapter 9, Florida Building Code – Building 7th Edition (2020) Fire Protection Systems offers an in depth or advanced study for the Florida Professional Engineer designing fire protection systems under the 2020 FBC code. Since the FBC 8th Edition does not take effect until 12/31/23 this course is approved for the 2023 Florida PE license renewal.

The main concepts of infrastructure planning in the public sector, including the environmental, social, and institutional assessments.

This Professional Engineer PDH Course is given in 3 parts (This is part 2). • Part 1 is based on understanding thermodynamic concepts and using pressure enthalpy charts. • Part 2 builds onto part 1 but uses thermodynamic software instead of pressure enthalpy charts for analysis and goes into additional depth. • Part 3 builds on parts 1 and 2 to apply thermodynamics to understand air conditioning and refrigeration systems from ¼ hp size units to 300,000 hp size units. Part 3A focuses on pure substances and mixed refrigerant liquefaction systems. Part 3B focuses on nitrogen expansion liquefaction systems. This Part 2 PE PDH continuing education course introduces the Professional Engineer to the use of thermodynamic software in lieu of using charts for performing thermodynamic analyses. The use of such software is much more time efficient, accurate and flexible. Thermodynamic software allows the PE to dive deeper in their understanding of the field of thermodynamics. In this part we will build on the learning of Part 1 and expand our ability to deal with mixtures rather than solely the pure fluid of methane.

Over the period of the past 189 years, since Jacob Perkins invented the vapor compression refrigeration system, refrigerant technology has also developed significantly. In the 1800s, refrigerants were extremely toxic, and some were inefficient. These toxic refrigerants included ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide. Refrigeration systems were often installed outside to avoid death from a refrigerant leak. In this work, we will start our study with the simple systems in your automobile air conditioning system and your house household refrigerator/freezer system. Then, we will expand this study to the ultra-large systems used to liquefy natural gas for export terminals (in the 300,000 hp range). There are billions of small-size air conditioning/refrigeration systems in operation today, but only a few hundred behemoth-size systems are used in the LNG liquefaction industry. There are many other gas liquefying industries, but we will limit our focus to understanding small, simple systems and then learn about the larger systems used for liquefying natural gas. Although the basic technology is the same between the small-size units and the large units, the complexity of the systems and the refrigerants used differs as the desired temperatures become colder and as the capacity of the units becomes larger. If the outside environment is at 80 F, it takes little energy, and the technology is simple to achieve the 35 F temperature needed to cool down a soda. Storing frozen food at 0 F takes more energy, but the technology is still simple. However, if the outside environment is 80 F, it will take a significantly large amount of energy and more complex technology to achieve the ~ -260 F temperature needed to make Liquid Natural Gas (LNG). To achieve a temperature of ~ -424 F to liquefy hydrogen, the energy and technology required increases many-fold over that needed to make LNG. To take this to the extreme, liquid helium (the very coldest gas liquefied) can be produced at ~ -452 F and is extremely difficult and power intensive. Keep in mind the absolute zero temperature is -459.67 F. Professional Engineers need some understanding of thermodynamics to better respond to anomalies during plant operation. The thermodynamics presented in this publication are basic and based on application rather than theory. The cases studied are all steady-state (the properties of the fluid at any point do not change with time) and steady-flow (the flow rate does not change with time) type problems. All the solutions are based on some simple calculations and on the use of the pressure-enthalpy chart or thermodynamic software. A large-size pressure enthalpy chart for methane or thermodynamic software should accompany this publication.

Professional Engineers need some understanding of thermodynamics to better respond to anomalies during plant operation. The thermodynamics presented in this online PE PDH continuing education course are basic and based on application rather than theory. The cases studied are all steady-state (the properties of the fluid at any point do not change with time) and steady-flow (the flow rate does not change with time) type problems. All the PE PDH solutions are based on some simple calculations and on the use of the pressure-enthalpy chart or thermodynamic software. A large-size pressure enthalpy chart for methane or thermodynamic software should accompany this publication. This PE PDH Course section 3B is the last of a 3-part series (with section 3 being made of two parts 3A and 3B) on the thermodynamics of producing LNG. In earlier sections, vapor compression systems and open expansion systems were explained. In this section, nitrogen expansion systems will be explained.